Other examples of Soviet MRLs include the BM-21 Grad, BM-27 Uragan, and BM-30 Smerch, which use pneumatic tires and tubular missile canisters and are also used by various other countries. The Russians also have rather extensive S-300 missile systems on various vehicles. The 2K11 Krug is a Soviet/Russian two-missile transporter erector launcher with a tractor crawler drive. An example of a single-missile vehicle with a tractor crawler drive is the French Pluton missile launcher, based on the AMX-30 tank. The M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System, used in the United States and several other countries, uses a tractor crawler drive instead of conventional pneumatic tires. Note outriggers at side and rear extended for launching. German MAN KAT A1 with Patriot missile launcher. To prepare for launching operations, outriggers are extended from the truck and placed on the ground to stabilize the truck from a recoil reaction during a missile launch. These multiple missile batteries are also pivoted upwards for launching and the launcher in some cases can be rotated around on the chassis (or platform) of the truck. Some trucks carry a battery containing four Harpoon or Patriot missiles for launching. In these trucks, after transporting the missile, the missile-launching mechanism with the missile on it is pivoted upwards to put it into position for launching. Another Russian example is the truck for the Pechora-2M Surface-to-Air Anti-aircraft missile system, which can transport and launch two missiles, and also used by some other countries.Īmerican examples of single-missile launcher trucks include the various missile launcher variants of the M39 series 5-ton 6×6 truck. As of December 2008, there are six such road-mobile missile systems. In turn, the United States produced the T34 Calliope missile-launching vehicle in limited quantities by attaching a multiple-missile battery atop an M4 Sherman.Īmong the largest missile vehicles are the multi-wheeled (tires) 8-axle MZKT-79221 carrying vehicles for Topol-M ICBMs as the Russian Ground Forces' longest trucks. The Katyusha rocket launcher was an early launcher mostly mounted on missile trucks used by the Soviet Union during World War II. Many missile trucks use large pneumatic tires, though some use continuous tracks.Ī United States Army M139D 5-ton 6×6 missile vehicle carrying an MGR-1 Honest John The missile batteries of multiple rocket launchers often hold their missiles inside tubular or rectangular canisters for each missile, from which the missiles or rockets can be launched (or fired, in other words). Single or dual missile vehicles often transport their missiles uncovered. Long missiles are commonly transported parallel to the ground on these vehicles, and then elevated into an inclined or vertical position for launching. The missile vehicle may be self-propelled, or the missile launcher may be on a trailer towed by a truck or prime mover. Missile vehicles include transporter erector launchers (TEL) and multiple rocket launchers (MRL). A Russian Strategic Rocket Forces MZKT 79221 missile vehicle carrying an RT-2PM2 Topol-M intercontinental ballistic missileĪ missile vehicle, also known as a missile carrier, missile truck, or (if capable of launching) missile launcher vehicle, is a military vehicle that is purpose-built and designed to carry missiles, either for safe transportation or for launching missiles in combat.
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